Units and data ============== Units ----- The following units are being used throughout GENeSYS-MOD: +---------------------+----------------------+------------------+ | **Type** | **Unit** | **Abbreviation** | +=====================+======================+==================+ | Capacity | Gigawatt | GW | +---------------------+----------------------+------------------+ | Energy | Petajoule | PJ | +---------------------+----------------------+------------------+ | Passenger transport | Billion kilometers | gpkm | +---------------------+----------------------+------------------+ | Freight transport | Billion kilometers | gpkm | +---------------------+----------------------+------------------+ | Monetary units | Million Euro | M€ | +---------------------+----------------------+------------------+ | Emissions (CO₂) | Megatonnes | Mt | +---------------------+----------------------+------------------+ List of technologies -------------------- The following technologies are included in the current main version of GENeSYS-MOD (other technologies might be included in specific versions used for case studies etc.). Please refer to :ref:`the set documentation ` for an explanation of the naming convention. .. list-table:: :header-rows: 1 :widths: 28 72 * - Name - Description * - A_Air - Dummy fuel for use in Direct Air Capture (DAC) * - A_Rooftop_Commercial - Surface area of commercial rooftops * - A_Rooftop_Residential - Surface area of residential rooftops * - CHP_Biomass_Solid - Combined-heat-and-power plant using solid biomass * - CHP_Biomass_Solid_CCS - Combined-heat-and-power plant using solid biomass with CCS * - CHP_Coal_Hardcoal - Combined-heat-and-power plant using hard coal * - CHP_Coal_Hardcoal_CCS - Combined-heat-and-power plant using hard coal with CCS * - CHP_Coal_Lignite - Combined-heat-and-power plant using lignite coal * - CHP_Coal_Lignite_CCS - Combined-heat-and-power plant using lignite coal with CCS * - CHP_Gas_CCGT_Biogas - Combined-heat-and-power plant using biogas * - CHP_Gas_CCGT_Biogas_CCS - Combined-heat-and-power plant using biogas with CCS * - CHP_Gas_CCGT_Natural - Combined-heat-and-power plant using natural gas * - CHP_Gas_CCGT_Natural_CCS - Combined-heat-and-power plant using natural gas with CCS * - CHP_Gas_CCGT_SynGas - Combined-heat-and-power plant using synthetic natural gas * - CHP_Hydrogen_FuelCell - Combined-heat-and-power plant using hydrogen in a fuel cell * - CHP_Oil - Combined-heat-and-power plant using crude oil * - CHP_WasteToEnergy - Combined-heat-and-power plant using waste * - D_Battery_Li-Ion - Storage dummy technology / grid link for Lithium-Ion Batteries * - D_Battery_Redox - Storage dummy technology / grid link for Redox-Flow Batteries * - D_CAES - Storage dummy technology / grid link for Compressed-Air Electricity Storage * - D_Gas_H2 - Storage dummy technology / grid link for Redox-Flow Batteries * - D_Gas_Methane - Storage dummy technology / grid link for Redox-Flow Batteries * - D_HB_Tank_Small - Storage dummy technology / grid link for Redox-Flow Batteries * - D_HD_Pit - Storage dummy technology / grid link for large-scale heat storage (e.g. aquifer) * - D_HLI_Tank_Large - Storage dummy technology / grid link for Redox-Flow Batteries * - D_PHS - Storage dummy technology / grid link for Redox-Flow Batteries * - FRT_Rail_Conv - Freight railroad technology using conventional (petro-) fuels * - FRT_Rail_Electric - Freight railroad technology using electricity * - FRT_Road_BEV - Freight trucks using battery-electric technology * - FRT_Road_H2 - Freight trucks using hydrogen in a fuel cell * - FRT_Road_ICE - Freight trucks with an internal combustion engine, can use multiple fuels * - FRT_Road_LNG - Freight trucks using liquified natural gas (LNG) * - FRT_Road_OH - Freight trucks with overhead power lines (overhead trolley trucks) * - FRT_Road_PHEV - Freight trucks with plug-in hybrid technology (combination of ICE and BEV) * - FRT_Ship_Bio - Freight ships using biofuels * - FRT_Ship_Conv - Freight ships using conventional (petro-) fuels * - FRT_Ship_LNG - Freight ships using liquified natural gas (LNG) * - HB_Biomass - Building heating technology using biomass * - HB_Direct_Electric - Building heating technology using resistance heating * - HB_Gas_Boiler - Building heating technology using gas (incl. biogas and synth. methane) * - HB_Geothermal - Building heating technology using geothermal energy * - HB_H2_Boiler - Building heating technology using hydrogen (burning) * - HB_Hardcoal - Building heating technology using hard coal * - HB_Heatpump_Aerial - Building heating technology; air-sourced heat pump * - HB_Heatpump_Ground - Building heating technology; ground-sourced heat pump * - HB_Lignite - Building heating technology using lignite * - HB_Oil_Boiler - Building heating technology using petroleum products * - HB_Solar_Thermal - Building heating technology using solar thermal energy * - HD_Electric_Boiler - District heat supply technology using electric boilers * - HD_Geothermal - District heat supply technology using geothermal energy * - HD_Heatpump_Air - District heat supply technology using air-sourced heatpumps * - HD_Heatpump_ExcessHeat - District heat supply technology using excess heat from e.g. industrial processes * - HD_Solar_Thermal - District heat supply technology using solar termal energy * - HHI_BF_BOF - Blast oven furnace for steel-making (allows for multiple modes of operation and fuel mixes) * - HHI_BF_BOF_CCS - Blast oven furnace for steel-making with CCS (allows for multiple modes of operation and fuel mixes) * - HHI_Bio_BF_BOF - Blast oven furnace for steel-making (fully fueled by biomass) * - HHI_DRI_EAF - Direct reduction steelmaking with an electric arc furnace * - HHI_DRI_EAF_CCS - Direct reduction steelmaking with an electric arc furnace with CCS * - HHI_H2DRI_EAF - Direct reduction steelmaking with an electric arc furnace, using hydrogen * - HHI_Molten_Electrolysis - Steelmaking using molten electrolysis (electricity-powered) * - HHI_Scrap_EAF - Electric arc furnace for recycled (scrap) steel * - HLI_Biomass - Low-temperature boiler using biomass * - HLI_Direct_Electric - Resistance heater for low-temperature industrial process heat * - HLI_Gas_Boiler - Gas boiler for low-temperature industrial process heat * - HLI_Geothermal - Geothermal heater for low-temperature industrial process heat * - HLI_H2_Boiler - Hydrogen-fueled boiler for low-temperature industrial process heat * - HLI_Hardcoal - Hardcoal-fired boiler for low-temperature industrial process heat * - HLI_Lignite - Lignite-fueled boiler for low-temperature industrial process heat * - HLI_Oil_Boiler - Oil-fueled boiler for low-temperature industrial process heat * - HLI_Solar_Thermal - Solar-thermal generation of low-temperature industrial process heat * - HMHI_Biomass - Medium-temperature (100-1000°C) industrial process heating technology using biomass * - HMHI_Gas - Medium-temperature (100-1000°C) industrial process heating technology using gas (incl. biogas and synth. methane) * - HMHI_Gas_CCS - Medium-temperature (100-1000°C) industrial process heating technology using gas with CCS * - HMHI_H2 - Medium-temperature (100-1000°C) industrial process heating technology using hydrogen * - HMHI_HardCoal - Medium-temperature (100-1000°C) industrial process heating technology using hard coal * - HMHI_HardCoal_CCS - Medium-temperature (100-1000°C) industrial process heating technology using hard coal with CCS * - HMHI_Oil - Medium-temperature (100-1000°C) industrial process heating technology using petroleum products * - HMHI_Steam_Electric - Medium-temperature (100-1000°C) industrial process heating technology using resistance heating for steam generation * - HMLI_Heatpump - Medium-low-temperature (100-400°C) industrial process heating technology using heat pumps * - Infeasibility_H2 - Costly technology used to serve unmet demand; used for error handling * - Infeasibility_HHI - Costly technology used to serve unmet demand; used for error handling * - Infeasibility_HLI - Costly technology used to serve unmet demand; used for error handling * - Infeasibility_HMI - Costly technology used to serve unmet demand; used for error handling * - Infeasibility_HRI - Costly technology used to serve unmet demand; used for error handling * - Infeasibility_Mob_Freight - Costly technology used to serve unmet demand; used for error handling * - Infeasibility_Mob_Passenger - Costly technology used to serve unmet demand; used for error handling * - Infeasibility_Natural_Gas - Costly technology used to serve unmet demand; used for error handling * - Infeasibility_Power - Costly technology used to serve unmet demand; used for error handling * - P_Biomass - Thermal power generation using biomass * - P_Biomass_CCS - Thermal power generation using biomass with CCS * - P_Coal_Hardcoal - Thermal power generation using hard coal * - P_Coal_Hardcoal_CCS - Thermal power generation using hard coal with CCS * - P_Coal_Lignite - Thermal power generation using lignite * - P_Coal_Lignite_CCS - Thermal power generation using lignite with CCS * - P_CSP - Concentrated solar power plant * - P_Gas_CCGT - Combined-cycle gas turbine (can use nat. gas, biogas, synth. methane) * - P_Gas_CCS - Gas turbine with CCS * - P_Gas_Engines - Engine-based gas turbine * - P_Gas_OCGT - Open-cycle gas turbine * - P_Geothermal - Geothermal power plant * - P_H2_OCGT - Open-cycle gas turbine for hydrogen gas * - P_Hydro_Reservoir - Large-scale (reservoir) hydropower plant * - P_Hydro_RoR - Small-scale (run of river) hydropower plant * - P_Nuclear - Thermal power generation using nuclear power * - P_Ocean - Wave and tidal electricity generation * - P_Oil - Thermal power generation using petroleum products * - P_PV_Rooftop_Commercial - Rooftop-PV installations for electricity generation on commercial buildings * - P_PV_Rooftop_Residential - Rooftop-PV installations for electricity generation on residential buildings * - P_PV_Utility_Avg - Utility-scale PV installations, average placements * - P_PV_Utility_Inf - Utility-scale PV installations, below-average placements * - P_PV_Utility_Opt - Utility-scale PV installations, optimal placements * - P_PV_Utility_Tracking - Utility-scale PV installations, with single-axis tracking mechanism * - P_Wind_Offshore_Deep - Deep (floating) offshore wind turbine * - P_Wind_Offshore_Shallow - Offshore wind turbine in shallow water (close to coast) * - P_Wind_Offshore_Transitional - Offshore wind turbine in medium deep water * - P_Wind_Onshore_Avg - Onshore wind turbine, average placement * - P_Wind_Onshore_Inf - Onshore wind turbine, below-average placement * - P_Wind_Onshore_Opt - Onshore wind turbine, optimal placement * - PSNG_Air_Bio - Bio-fueled passenger plane * - PSNG_Air_Conv - Petroleum-fueled passenger plane * - PSNG_Air_H2 - Hydrogen-fueled passenger plane * - PSNG_Rail_Conv - Petroleum-fueled passenger train * - PSNG_Rail_Electric - Electric passenger train * - PSNG_Road_BEV - Battery electric vehicle for passenger transport * - PSNG_Road_H2 - Fuel-cell electric vehicle for passenger transport * - PSNG_Road_ICE - Internal combustion engine car for passenger transport * - PSNG_Road_LNG - Liquified natural gas fueled car for passenger transport * - PSNG_Road_PHEV - Plug-In hybrid vehicle for passenger transport * - R_Biogas - Renewable resource source technology: biogas * - R_Coal_Hardcoal - Resource source technology: hard coal * - R_Coal_Lignite - Resource source technology: lignite coal * - R_Gas - Resource source technology: natural gas * - R_Grass - Renewable resource source technology: grass waste for biomass generation * - R_Nuclear - Resource source technology: nuclear material * - R_Oil - Resource source technology: crude oil * - R_Paper_Cardboard - Renewable resource source technology: paper and cardboard waste for biomass generation * - R_Residues - Renewable resource source technology: organic residues for biomass generation * - R_Roundwood - Renewable resource source technology: roundwood potentials for biomass generation * - R_Waste - Renewable resource source technology: Waste-based energy * - R_Wood - Renewable resource source technology: wood potentials for biomass generation * - X_Alkaline_Electrolysis - Alkaline electrolysis * - X_ATR_CCS - Autothermal methane reforming with CCS, converting natural gas to hydrogen * - X_Biofuel - Conversion technology, converts biomass to biofuel * - X_Convert_HD - Conversion technology for district heat to industrial process or building heat * - X_DAC_HT - Direct air capture technology, high temperature * - X_DAC_LT - Direct air capture technology, low temperature * - X_Electrolysis - Electrolyzer for hydrogen generation * - X_Gasifier - Conversion technology, converts liquid hydrogen or natural gas to their gaseous forms * - X_Liquifier - Conversion technology, converts gaseous hydrogen or natural gas to their liquid forms * - X_Methanation - Conversion technology for methanation of biogas and hydrogen * - X_PEM_Electrolysis - PEM electrolysis * - X_Powerfuel - Conversion technology, creates powerfuels out of hydrogen * - X_SMR - Conversion technology, Steam-methane reforming, generated hydrogen out of natural gas * - X_SOEC_Electrolysis - SOEC electrolysis * - Z_ETS_Buy - Dummy technology for CO2 trading system (only relevant if country-level emission limits are used) * - Z_ETS_Sell - Dummy technology for CO2 trading system (only relevant if country-level emission limits are used) * - Z_Import_Gas - Import technology for natural gas from outside of the model scope * - Z_Import_H2 - Import technology for hydrogen from outside of the model scope * - Z_Import_Hardcoal - Import technology for hard coal from outside of the model scope * - Z_Import_LNG - Import technology for liquified natural gas from outside of the model scope * - Z_Import_Oil - Import technology for crude oil from outside of the model scope List of fuels ------------- The following fuels are included in the current main version of GENeSYS-MOD (other fuels might be included in specific versions used for case studies etc.). .. list-table:: :header-rows: 1 :widths: 28 72 * - Name - Description * - Air - Dummy fuel used to calculate CO2 contents of air in DAC * - Area_Rooftop_Commercial - Surface area for rooftop installations (commercial buildings) * - Area_Rooftop_Residential - Surface area for rooftop installations (residential buildings) * - Biofuel - Biofuels (e.g. bio-diesel) * - Biomass - Solid biomass * - ETS - Dummy fuel used to emulate an emission-trading-system * - ETS_Source - Dummy fuel used to emulate an emission-trading-system * - Gas_Bio - Methane (from biological origin) * - Gas_Natural - Methane (from geological origin) * - Gas_Synth - Methane (from synthetic origin / hydrogen-derivative) * - H2 - Hydrogen (gaseous) * - H2_Blend - Hydrogen-methane blend * - Hardcoal - Steam / hard coal * - Heat_Buildings - Space heating and warm water in buildings * - Heat_District - Heat feed-in into the district heating network * - Heat_High_Industrial - High-temperature industrial process heat (>1000°C) * - Heat_Low_Industrial - Low-temperature industrial process heat (<100°C) * - Heat_MediumLow_Industrial - Medium-temperature industrial process heat (100-400°C) * - Heat_MediumHigh_Industrial - Medium-temperature industrial process heat (400-1000°C) * - LBG - Liquid biogas / liquid form of Gas_Bio * - LH2 - Liquid hydrogen (H2) * - Lignite - Lignite coal * - LNG - Liquefied natural gas / liquid form of Gas_Natural * - LSG - Liquefied synthetic gas / liquid form of Gas_Synth * - Mobility_Freight - Freight mobility services * - Mobility_Passenger - Passenger mobility services * - Nuclear - Nuclear fuel (e.g. fuel rods) * - Oil - Petroleum products * - Power - Electricity / power * - Powerfuel - E-fuels (e.g. synthetically derived diesel or gasoline) * - Waste - Waste energy resource