Units and data

Units

The following units are being used throughout GENeSYS-MOD:

Type	Unit	Abbreviation
Capacity	Gigawatt	GW
Energy	Petajoule	PJ
Passenger transport	Billion kilometers	gpkm
Freight transport	Billion kilometers	gpkm
Monetary units	Million Euro	M€
Emissions (CO₂)	Megatonnes	Mt

List of technologies

The following technologies are included in the current main version of GENeSYS-MOD (other technologies might be included in specific versions used for case studies etc.). Please refer to the set documentation for an explanation of the naming convention.

Name	Description
A_Air	Dummy fuel for use in Direct Air Capture (DAC)
A_Rooftop_Commercial	Surface area of commercial rooftops
A_Rooftop_Residential	Surface area of residential rooftops
CHP_Biomass_Solid	Combined-heat-and-power plant using solid biomass
CHP_Biomass_Solid_CCS	Combined-heat-and-power plant using solid biomass with CCS
CHP_Coal_Hardcoal	Combined-heat-and-power plant using hard coal
CHP_Coal_Hardcoal_CCS	Combined-heat-and-power plant using hard coal with CCS
CHP_Coal_Lignite	Combined-heat-and-power plant using lignite coal
CHP_Coal_Lignite_CCS	Combined-heat-and-power plant using lignite coal with CCS
CHP_Gas_CCGT_Biogas	Combined-heat-and-power plant using biogas
CHP_Gas_CCGT_Biogas_CCS	Combined-heat-and-power plant using biogas with CCS
CHP_Gas_CCGT_Natural	Combined-heat-and-power plant using natural gas
CHP_Gas_CCGT_Natural_CCS	Combined-heat-and-power plant using natural gas with CCS
CHP_Gas_CCGT_SynGas	Combined-heat-and-power plant using synthetic natural gas
CHP_Hydrogen_FuelCell	Combined-heat-and-power plant using hydrogen in a fuel cell
CHP_Oil	Combined-heat-and-power plant using crude oil
CHP_WasteToEnergy	Combined-heat-and-power plant using waste
D_Battery_Li-Ion	Storage dummy technology / grid link for Lithium-Ion Batteries
D_Battery_Redox	Storage dummy technology / grid link for Redox-Flow Batteries
D_CAES	Storage dummy technology / grid link for Compressed-Air Electricity Storage
D_Gas_H2	Storage dummy technology / grid link for Redox-Flow Batteries
D_Gas_Methane	Storage dummy technology / grid link for Redox-Flow Batteries
D_HB_Tank_Small	Storage dummy technology / grid link for Redox-Flow Batteries
D_HD_Pit	Storage dummy technology / grid link for large-scale heat storage (e.g. aquifer)
D_HLI_Tank_Large	Storage dummy technology / grid link for Redox-Flow Batteries
D_PHS	Storage dummy technology / grid link for Redox-Flow Batteries
FRT_Rail_Conv	Freight railroad technology using conventional (petro-) fuels
FRT_Rail_Electric	Freight railroad technology using electricity
FRT_Road_BEV	Freight trucks using battery-electric technology
FRT_Road_H2	Freight trucks using hydrogen in a fuel cell
FRT_Road_ICE	Freight trucks with an internal combustion engine, can use multiple fuels
FRT_Road_LNG	Freight trucks using liquified natural gas (LNG)
FRT_Road_OH	Freight trucks with overhead power lines (overhead trolley trucks)
FRT_Road_PHEV	Freight trucks with plug-in hybrid technology (combination of ICE and BEV)
FRT_Ship_Bio	Freight ships using biofuels
FRT_Ship_Conv	Freight ships using conventional (petro-) fuels
FRT_Ship_LNG	Freight ships using liquified natural gas (LNG)
HB_Biomass	Building heating technology using biomass
HB_Direct_Electric	Building heating technology using resistance heating
HB_Gas_Boiler	Building heating technology using gas (incl. biogas and synth. methane)
HB_Geothermal	Building heating technology using geothermal energy
HB_H2_Boiler	Building heating technology using hydrogen (burning)
HB_Hardcoal	Building heating technology using hard coal
HB_Heatpump_Aerial	Building heating technology; air-sourced heat pump
HB_Heatpump_Ground	Building heating technology; ground-sourced heat pump
HB_Lignite	Building heating technology using lignite
HB_Oil_Boiler	Building heating technology using petroleum products
HB_Solar_Thermal	Building heating technology using solar thermal energy
HD_Electric_Boiler	District heat supply technology using electric boilers
HD_Geothermal	District heat supply technology using geothermal energy
HD_Heatpump_Air	District heat supply technology using air-sourced heatpumps
HD_Heatpump_ExcessHeat	District heat supply technology using excess heat from e.g. industrial processes
HD_Solar_Thermal	District heat supply technology using solar termal energy
HHI_BF_BOF	Blast oven furnace for steel-making (allows for multiple modes of operation and fuel mixes)
HHI_BF_BOF_CCS	Blast oven furnace for steel-making with CCS (allows for multiple modes of operation and fuel mixes)
HHI_Bio_BF_BOF	Blast oven furnace for steel-making (fully fueled by biomass)
HHI_DRI_EAF	Direct reduction steelmaking with an electric arc furnace
HHI_DRI_EAF_CCS	Direct reduction steelmaking with an electric arc furnace with CCS
HHI_H2DRI_EAF	Direct reduction steelmaking with an electric arc furnace, using hydrogen
HHI_Molten_Electrolysis	Steelmaking using molten electrolysis (electricity-powered)
HHI_Scrap_EAF	Electric arc furnace for recycled (scrap) steel
HLI_Biomass	Low-temperature boiler using biomass
HLI_Direct_Electric	Resistance heater for low-temperature industrial process heat
HLI_Gas_Boiler	Gas boiler for low-temperature industrial process heat
HLI_Geothermal	Geothermal heater for low-temperature industrial process heat
HLI_H2_Boiler	Hydrogen-fueled boiler for low-temperature industrial process heat
HLI_Hardcoal	Hardcoal-fired boiler for low-temperature industrial process heat
HLI_Lignite	Lignite-fueled boiler for low-temperature industrial process heat
HLI_Oil_Boiler	Oil-fueled boiler for low-temperature industrial process heat
HLI_Solar_Thermal	Solar-thermal generation of low-temperature industrial process heat
HMHI_Biomass	Medium-temperature (100-1000°C) industrial process heating technology using biomass
HMHI_Gas	Medium-temperature (100-1000°C) industrial process heating technology using gas (incl. biogas and synth. methane)
HMHI_Gas_CCS	Medium-temperature (100-1000°C) industrial process heating technology using gas with CCS
HMHI_H2	Medium-temperature (100-1000°C) industrial process heating technology using hydrogen
HMHI_HardCoal	Medium-temperature (100-1000°C) industrial process heating technology using hard coal
HMHI_HardCoal_CCS	Medium-temperature (100-1000°C) industrial process heating technology using hard coal with CCS
HMHI_Oil	Medium-temperature (100-1000°C) industrial process heating technology using petroleum products
HMHI_Steam_Electric	Medium-temperature (100-1000°C) industrial process heating technology using resistance heating for steam generation
HMLI_Heatpump	Medium-low-temperature (100-400°C) industrial process heating technology using heat pumps
Infeasibility_H2	Costly technology used to serve unmet demand; used for error handling
Infeasibility_HHI	Costly technology used to serve unmet demand; used for error handling
Infeasibility_HLI	Costly technology used to serve unmet demand; used for error handling
Infeasibility_HMI	Costly technology used to serve unmet demand; used for error handling
Infeasibility_HRI	Costly technology used to serve unmet demand; used for error handling
Infeasibility_Mob_Freight	Costly technology used to serve unmet demand; used for error handling
Infeasibility_Mob_Passenger	Costly technology used to serve unmet demand; used for error handling
Infeasibility_Natural_Gas	Costly technology used to serve unmet demand; used for error handling
Infeasibility_Power	Costly technology used to serve unmet demand; used for error handling
P_Biomass	Thermal power generation using biomass
P_Biomass_CCS	Thermal power generation using biomass with CCS
P_Coal_Hardcoal	Thermal power generation using hard coal
P_Coal_Hardcoal_CCS	Thermal power generation using hard coal with CCS
P_Coal_Lignite	Thermal power generation using lignite
P_Coal_Lignite_CCS	Thermal power generation using lignite with CCS
P_CSP	Concentrated solar power plant
P_Gas_CCGT	Combined-cycle gas turbine (can use nat. gas, biogas, synth. methane)
P_Gas_CCS	Gas turbine with CCS
P_Gas_Engines	Engine-based gas turbine
P_Gas_OCGT	Open-cycle gas turbine
P_Geothermal	Geothermal power plant
P_H2_OCGT	Open-cycle gas turbine for hydrogen gas
P_Hydro_Reservoir	Large-scale (reservoir) hydropower plant
P_Hydro_RoR	Small-scale (run of river) hydropower plant
P_Nuclear	Thermal power generation using nuclear power
P_Ocean	Wave and tidal electricity generation
P_Oil	Thermal power generation using petroleum products
P_PV_Rooftop_Commercial	Rooftop-PV installations for electricity generation on commercial buildings
P_PV_Rooftop_Residential	Rooftop-PV installations for electricity generation on residential buildings
P_PV_Utility_Avg	Utility-scale PV installations, average placements
P_PV_Utility_Inf	Utility-scale PV installations, below-average placements
P_PV_Utility_Opt	Utility-scale PV installations, optimal placements
P_PV_Utility_Tracking	Utility-scale PV installations, with single-axis tracking mechanism
P_Wind_Offshore_Deep	Deep (floating) offshore wind turbine
P_Wind_Offshore_Shallow	Offshore wind turbine in shallow water (close to coast)
P_Wind_Offshore_Transitional	Offshore wind turbine in medium deep water
P_Wind_Onshore_Avg	Onshore wind turbine, average placement
P_Wind_Onshore_Inf	Onshore wind turbine, below-average placement
P_Wind_Onshore_Opt	Onshore wind turbine, optimal placement
PSNG_Air_Bio	Bio-fueled passenger plane
PSNG_Air_Conv	Petroleum-fueled passenger plane
PSNG_Air_H2	Hydrogen-fueled passenger plane
PSNG_Rail_Conv	Petroleum-fueled passenger train
PSNG_Rail_Electric	Electric passenger train
PSNG_Road_BEV	Battery electric vehicle for passenger transport
PSNG_Road_H2	Fuel-cell electric vehicle for passenger transport
PSNG_Road_ICE	Internal combustion engine car for passenger transport
PSNG_Road_LNG	Liquified natural gas fueled car for passenger transport
PSNG_Road_PHEV	Plug-In hybrid vehicle for passenger transport
R_Biogas	Renewable resource source technology: biogas
R_Coal_Hardcoal	Resource source technology: hard coal
R_Coal_Lignite	Resource source technology: lignite coal
R_Gas	Resource source technology: natural gas
R_Grass	Renewable resource source technology: grass waste for biomass generation
R_Nuclear	Resource source technology: nuclear material
R_Oil	Resource source technology: crude oil
R_Paper_Cardboard	Renewable resource source technology: paper and cardboard waste for biomass generation
R_Residues	Renewable resource source technology: organic residues for biomass generation
R_Roundwood	Renewable resource source technology: roundwood potentials for biomass generation
R_Waste	Renewable resource source technology: Waste-based energy
R_Wood	Renewable resource source technology: wood potentials for biomass generation
X_Alkaline_Electrolysis	Alkaline electrolysis
X_ATR_CCS	Autothermal methane reforming with CCS, converting natural gas to hydrogen
X_Biofuel	Conversion technology, converts biomass to biofuel
X_Convert_HD	Conversion technology for district heat to industrial process or building heat
X_DAC_HT	Direct air capture technology, high temperature
X_DAC_LT	Direct air capture technology, low temperature
X_Electrolysis	Electrolyzer for hydrogen generation
X_Gasifier	Conversion technology, converts liquid hydrogen or natural gas to their gaseous forms
X_Liquifier	Conversion technology, converts gaseous hydrogen or natural gas to their liquid forms
X_Methanation	Conversion technology for methanation of biogas and hydrogen
X_PEM_Electrolysis	PEM electrolysis
X_Powerfuel	Conversion technology, creates powerfuels out of hydrogen
X_SMR	Conversion technology, Steam-methane reforming, generated hydrogen out of natural gas
X_SOEC_Electrolysis	SOEC electrolysis
Z_ETS_Buy	Dummy technology for CO2 trading system (only relevant if country-level emission limits are used)
Z_ETS_Sell	Dummy technology for CO2 trading system (only relevant if country-level emission limits are used)
Z_Import_Gas	Import technology for natural gas from outside of the model scope
Z_Import_H2	Import technology for hydrogen from outside of the model scope
Z_Import_Hardcoal	Import technology for hard coal from outside of the model scope
Z_Import_LNG	Import technology for liquified natural gas from outside of the model scope
Z_Import_Oil	Import technology for crude oil from outside of the model scope

List of fuels

The following fuels are included in the current main version of GENeSYS-MOD (other fuels might be included in specific versions used for case studies etc.).

Name	Description
Air	Dummy fuel used to calculate CO2 contents of air in DAC
Area_Rooftop_Commercial	Surface area for rooftop installations (commercial buildings)
Area_Rooftop_Residential	Surface area for rooftop installations (residential buildings)
Biofuel	Biofuels (e.g. bio-diesel)
Biomass	Solid biomass
ETS	Dummy fuel used to emulate an emission-trading-system
ETS_Source	Dummy fuel used to emulate an emission-trading-system
Gas_Bio	Methane (from biological origin)
Gas_Natural	Methane (from geological origin)
Gas_Synth	Methane (from synthetic origin / hydrogen-derivative)
H2	Hydrogen (gaseous)
H2_Blend	Hydrogen-methane blend
Hardcoal	Steam / hard coal
Heat_Buildings	Space heating and warm water in buildings
Heat_District	Heat feed-in into the district heating network
Heat_High_Industrial	High-temperature industrial process heat (>1000°C)
Heat_Low_Industrial	Low-temperature industrial process heat (<100°C)
Heat_MediumLow_Industrial	Medium-temperature industrial process heat (100-400°C)
Heat_MediumHigh_Industrial	Medium-temperature industrial process heat (400-1000°C)
LBG	Liquid biogas / liquid form of Gas_Bio
LH2	Liquid hydrogen (H2)
Lignite	Lignite coal
LNG	Liquefied natural gas / liquid form of Gas_Natural
LSG	Liquefied synthetic gas / liquid form of Gas_Synth
Mobility_Freight	Freight mobility services
Mobility_Passenger	Passenger mobility services
Nuclear	Nuclear fuel (e.g. fuel rods)
Oil	Petroleum products
Power	Electricity / power
Powerfuel	E-fuels (e.g. synthetically derived diesel or gasoline)
Waste	Waste energy resource